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The most frequent word beginnings as character N-grams for N=1...5 with Zipf's diagram
Zipf's diagram for word beginnings
Top Characters
| word rank | frequency | n-gram |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 373694 | S- |
| 2 | 218977 | B- |
| 3 | 216490 | A- |
| 4 | 209032 | M- |
| 5 | 190386 | P- |
Top Character Bigrams
| word rank | frequency | n-gram |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 74203 | St- |
| 2 | 69466 | Sc- |
| 3 | 59618 | Ma- |
| 4 | 56858 | Be- |
| 5 | 56294 | Ge- |
Top Character Trigrams
| word rank | frequency | n-gram |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 64423 | Sch- |
| 2 | 39877 | Ver- |
| 3 | 29828 | Pro- |
| 4 | 26024 | Sta- |
| 5 | 20888 | Ein- |
Top Character 4-Grams
| word rank | frequency | n-gram |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11074 | Inte- |
| 2 | 10995 | Date- |
| 3 | 10108 | Unte- |
| 4 | 9832 | Onli- |
| 5 | 9531 | Schw- |
Top Character 5-Grams
| word rank | frequency | n-gram |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10039 | Unter- |
| 2 | 9825 | Onlin- |
| 3 | 9140 | Daten- |
| 4 | 8511 | Stand- |
| 5 | 8441 | Inter- |
194832 msec needed at 2024-11-21 01:29
2.2.5 Most frequent word beginnings
Data Description
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
Usage
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
Technical Details
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
Simplified Select statement
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
Open questions
-
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
-
Is there a need for larger N
See also
-
Most frequent word endings
-
Most frequent letter-N-grams
-
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
-
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings